研習心得分享(一) 品頭論足--寫作篇 鍾秋霜 高雄市立英明國民中學

　

研習心得分享(一)

　

　

品頭論足--寫作篇

鍾秋霜

高雄市立英明國民中學

摘 要

壹、 背景說明：

在國中階段，學生並無正式英文寫作課，在校所做的練習大多為中英翻譯。又大多學生常上網聊天，國文作文能力降低，英文作文更是言之無物。除此之外，因家庭經濟條件不同，學生學習英語的起點不同，到了國中階段程度已有差異，而現階段教材不足以因材施教。高中教師則批評學生英文程度愈來愈差，但是寫作練習大多無趣、呆板。因此，筆者藉本校社團活動—英文補給站時間，融合聽、說、讀、寫自編加深加廣的教材。語言應是聽、說、讀、寫的統整學習，Writing comes easily if you have something to say.希望學生對段落寫作有概念，感受寫作的過程也可以是充滿樂趣的。

　

貳、創新策略：

1. 教學方法

♣ 理念：對國中生而言，「描述法」是最適合的作文類型。配合認識新朋友、介紹朋友，以及已習得的文法--現在簡單式，以「描述法」入門再適當不過了。又寫作不應只是單純的”寫”，在活動過程聽、說、讀、寫是可以統整進行的，而且相得益彰。

♣ 策略：

a. 「品頭論足」論什麼--以Power Point呈現名人照片（如櫻桃小丸子等），讓學生品頭論足一番，引起學習動機後，再以Power Point帶入如何描述人物的外貌與個性。

b. 最佳拍檔--彼此以英文自我介紹，然後將自己的partner介紹給大家。以Pair Work增加學生聽、說的練習，並練習運用描述人物特徵的用字。

c. 猜猜他/她是誰--以Power Point呈現本校教師照片，由學生推派一人當leader，此人心中需先選定目標照片。其他所有學生以英文說照片中教師特徵，男女大對抗，看誰先猜出leader心中所選的照片。藉此增加學生聽、說的機會。

d. 漫畫學習法--以"Hagar the Horrible"的四格漫畫，讓學生了解人物描述要生動，必須注意個性的刻化。帶入正面、負面、中立態度等的形容詞彙。

e. 歸納法--不一開始就給規則，而是透過活動過程讓學生學習自我編修，或和partner互動中自我調整。有了感受後，才以Power Point簡介寫作目的、類型、結構、過程等基本概念。

f. 大家來找碴--提供一則Student Post上的範例，請學生當評審找出優缺點，可增強學生的敏感度。

g. 人物速寫--筆者將部分教師照片置於網頁上，學生任選一位感興趣的教師進行訪問，亦可選擇父母或同學為對象，寫一篇作文。文章批閱後全都放在網頁上，課堂上一起討論、分享。

h. 鼓勵投稿--鼓勵學生投稿校刊或Student Post，並可於報上觀摩同年紀學生的作品。不但增強學生寫作技巧，也給學生很大的回饋。

2. 教學環境

♣ 理念：於教室進行活動最大的缺點是聽不清楚學生的聲音，無法在時間內有效地練習；其次，無法立即分享別人的作品。

♣ 策略：本校有設備良好的語言教室，以單槍投影更能刺激感官，吸引學生注意力，增進學習效果。每人一副耳機和麥克風，可避免學生因害羞而說話太小聲的困擾，學生和老師的互動更緊密。筆者將作文透過電腦放大字型呈現，每個人可清楚看到錯誤的地方，也可以欣賞別人的作品。講解後，互相觀摩學習，進步更大。

3. 教學材料

♣ 理念：一般學寫作的印象就是不斷的寫、不斷練習，就會進步。可是對於識字不多又初次接觸英文寫作的國中生而言，output之前應有足夠的input！而且input不應只是規則和範例。

♣ 策略：

a. Handbook--提供最基本的作文類型、結構及題材範例。筆者以Power Point 呈現要點，有效幫助學生得到一個general idea。

b. 就地取材--以任教老師的照片當教材，不僅學生熟悉而且方便進一步觀察或訪問，對師長素描的作品又可投稿校刊，對學生是莫大的鼓勵。

c. 漫畫--四格漫畫的用字是最精簡、最傳神的描述。學生看了既有趣又可習得精準用字、用法，還可用於日常生活會話中，真是一舉數得。

　

參、 創新成效：

　

1. 增強解讀力、辨知力--寫作概念完整而非片段：刺激感官，以Power Point組織並呈現寫作的目的，各類型的特色、用途，寫作過程、文章結構等，有助學生辨別、了解不同功用，讓學生更有效地解讀、獲得完整概念，而非瞎子摸象。

2. 增進學生自信力、貫徹力及開放性：充分而多元的input提供不同智慧學習者習得要領。學生學會處理訊息，編修內容使其作文言之有物，更刺激學生回答時是有自信且非單一答案。學生Pair Work的互動不但有機會表達己見、交換觀念，更能進一步運用所學並觀摩學習。

3. 刺激思考，學習分析與歸納：一般教師教授方式是演繹法，大半學生在學習過程是屬於被動的角色。然而經由Warm Up開始一連串的設計，引導學生發現問題，思考、假設問題發生的可能原因，進而自我檢視表達的技巧，修正不足之處；從同主題不同呈現方式的materials，歸納出描述人物的main points。學生的學習是主動，經過思考歷程的。

4. 比較性、擴展性及重組性思考讓作文內容豐富，人物描述深刻：學生筆下人物不再局限外表，能進一步描寫個性，甚至提出具體事實支持論點。同學間互相分享時，引發不同看法，出現比較性思考，讓寫作不只停留在作者想告訴讀者什麼，而能和讀者反應進一步溝通互動，且能自省、檢視表達是否鮮明、完整，並自我調整、重組內容。

5. 寫作訓練過程有助其他語言技巧的練習，並激發學生覺察問題與解決力：

a. 於整個學習過程中，學生在Pair Work的互動經驗到咬字清楚、重音亦是有利表達作者的想法，而聽者要學習訊息處理，才能抓住重點。

b. 於reading class，學生更能快速掌握The Adventures of Tom Sawyer中湯姆和哈克的人物刻畫。

c. 因寫作過程中，學生出現對”人”的觀念、看法不同，進而探索社會中角色的刻板印象。例如父母在家中扮演的角色，另類教師等。最後學生在展開唇槍舌戰，出現了public speaking及debate的雛形。

　

學 生 作 品 賞

Name: Justin
My Father

My family is warm and fragrant because I have a good father. My father is at good-looking and looks strong. He is not very tall, about 170 centimeters. He is a cargo-ship radio operator in Yang Ming Line. If any ship is in danger, he always sends an “SOS” message in Morse code to help people come back safely. My dad is hardworking, and he is responsible for his job. But he never forgets my mom, my sister and me. My father is a steady person. He never loses his temper. He always says, “If you fall down, you must stand up.” My dad is good at everything. He teaches me how to draw, how to play basketball, how to appreciate calligraphy etc. He really loves my family. He is concerned about everyone in my family. He is careful, too. Maybe you are curious who cooks dinner in my home. It’s not my mom, but my dad. I believe he is a good cook because the food is delicious. So I really thank God for bringing such a good man to be my father.



(刊登於Student Post 英文叩應站June 3 ~ June 9, 2002 No. 90)





Name: Squall

Mr. Hong is not only my Math teacher but also my good friend. He is a very friendly, humorous, and patient teacher, so many students and teachers are his good friends. Of course, I am one of them. He is about 175 centimeters tall, and he is not too fat. He weighs about 65kg. His hair is dark, and a little curly, and his eyes are too big. He is shortsighted, but he doesn't wearing glasses. He wears contact lenses. He usually wears white or blue shirts, and blue or black jeans. He is married, and he has a wife and two daughters. He is romantic, and his wife is also romantic. They have the same characteristic. He always says "All cats are grey in the dark." I agree with him very much.





Name: Anny
My Mother

I have a good mother. She is forty years old, and she is competent and hardworking. So, she usually gets home late. Like all mothers in the world, she is responsible and devotes herself to our family. She loves cook, and I think she can be a good chef. I love her, just because she is my mother.





Name: Eva
My Teacher

The fair lady in the picture is my homeroom teacher, Ms. Lu. She is also my biology teacher. She is in her thirties, but she doesn’t looks so old. Her hair was medium-length, and a little curly as you can see in this picture, but it is short and straight now. She is cute and a little short. She looks happy almost every day. She is open-minded. Sometimes my classmates are noisy or lazy, she’ll get angry, but it lasts only for a while. In short, my classmates and I like her very much. That’s all about her.





Name: Holly
My Best Friend

I have an easygoing friend, and her name is Sherry. She looks slim and fashionable. I like to go shopping with her because I am often stimulated by her choices of clothes.

She is considerate, but sometimes she is as stubborn as a mule. When our opinions are different, she will talk out loudly. Sometimes I think I am right, but because her voice is too higher, I just can't talk with her anymore!

All my classmates think that she is as slow as a slug. For example, she can't finish her lunch in thirty minutes. She is always the slowest!!!

We know each other and care about each other. I'm glad to have such a good friend. She is my best friend forever!